تحلیل انتقادی فردگرایی افراطی به عنوان مبنای انسان شناختی معنویت سکولار

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای مبانی نظری اسلام، دانشکده معارف و اندیشه اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مبانی نظری اسلام دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه مبانی نظری اسلام دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

جریان ها و مکاتب معنویت گرای متعددی که در عصر جدید و متمدن امروز، داعیه دار سیراب کردن فطرت تعالی جوی انسان هستند غالبا در تقابل با ادیان الهی و در صدد به حاشیه راندن آنها می باشند. این جریان ها که در زمینه ای تماما اومانیستی سربرآورده و رشد کرده اند، دارای مبانی متعددی از حیث معرفت شناختی، انسان شناختی و هستی شناختی هستند، که برای اثبات ناکارآمدی شان در پاسخ گویی به عطش انسانِ تشنه ی معنویت، در ابتدا می بایست به بررسی و نقد موشکافانه ی آنها پرداخت. از جمله مهم ترین مبانی انسان شناختی معنویت های سکولار، فرد گرایی است که با محور قرار دادن خواست ها و تمایلات فرد، او را جستجوگر تمام حقیقت، در درون خود قرار داده و هیچ مرجعیت بیرونی ای همانند وحی و پیامبران را برنمی تابد. مبنایی که سلوک معنوی انسان مدرن را تنها بر اساس نیازها و خواسته هایی که از «درون خود» انسان می جوشد، تنظیم و تدبیر می کند و حجیت و اعتبار هر نوع مرجع بیرونی را نفی کرده و استقلال وجودی انسان از ادیان آسمانی را سبب می شود. در مقابل مبانی انسان شناختی معنویت اصیل و اسلامی، با تکیه بر وجود فطرت الهی و مشترک انسانی بین افراد، امکان توصیه ی عمومی در سیر و سلوک معنوی را فراهم آورده و راهنمایی وحی و دین حق را، تنها مرجع مطمئن برای پاسخ به فطرت و روح تعالی جوی انسان می داند.



واژگان کلیدی: معنویت- فردگرایی- سکولار- اومانیسم- علامه طباطبایی

کلیدواژه‌ها

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