راهپیمایی اربعین و تأثیر آن بر قدرت نرم ایران در عراق: نظریه کردارگرایی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار روابط بین الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد روابط بین الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

راهپیمایی اربعین به یک کردار فرهنگی و اجتماعیِ تأثیرگذار بر روابط ایران و عراق تبدیل ‌شده است. سالانه میلیون‌ها نفر از مردم ایران برای شرکت در این مراسم راهی عتبات عالیات می‌شوند و جلوه‌های قابل ‌ملاحظه‌ای از تعاملات مذهبی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی بین دو کشور را به نمایش می‌گذارند. این تعاملات می‌تواند از جهت تأثیرگذاری بر قدرت نرم ایران در عراق نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد که تاکنون به طور جدّی به آن پرداخته نشده است.سؤال اصلی مقاله این است که راهپیمایی اربعین به‌مثابه یک کردار، چه تأثیری بر قدرت نرم ایران در عراق داشته است؟ مطالعه «کردار» یا «رویه» از دیرباز مورد توجه برخی محققان روابط بین‌الملل مانند ایور نیومن و امانوئل آدلر بوده است. اما در سال‌های اخیر شاهد نوعی «چرخش کرداری» در روابط بین‌الملل بوده‌ایم که بر اولویت توجه به عناصر کرداری در مقابل عناصر گفتمانی در تحلیل کنش‌های بین‌المللی کشورها تأکید دارد. این مقاله درصدد است با استفاده از چارچوب مفهومی کردارگرایی در روابط بین‌الملل، به بررسی ابعاد کرداری راهپیمایی اربعین و تأثیر آن بر قدرت نرم ایران در عراق بپردازد. در این مقاله علاوه بر داده‌های موجود در قالب کتاب‌ها، گزارش‌ها و مقالات، داده‌های دست اول از طریق مصاحبه حضوری با نخبگان ایرانی و عراقی مرتبط با راهپیمایی اربعین جمع‌آوری و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. یافته‌های مقاله نشان می‌دهد که راهپیمایی اربعین با ایجاد زمینه‌ همگرایی اجتماعی میان ایران و عراق و همچنین تقویت همکاری‌ با برخی گروه‌های شیعی عراقی برای مدیریت اجرایی مراسم، منجر به تقویت قدرت نرم ایران در عراق شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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