گذار به گذشته، طریق رهایی از حرمان حال؛ تحلیل و بازنمایی نقش نوستالژی در تطهیر عصر پهلوی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

نوستالژی یا حسرت گذشته، مفهومی مهم در مباحث فرهنگ سیاسی جامعه است. این مفهوم مبیّن ناامیدی و حرمان از شرایط حال، و پدید آمدن اشتیاق به گذشته است؛ گذشته‌ای فرا واقعی و عاری از کاستی‌ها که در روان و خاطر امروز جامعه برساخته می‌شود. نوستالژی را می‌توان نوعی خودفریبی دانست که برای برون‌رفت از شرایط نابسامان، به تحریف گذشته و پیرایش رویدادها برای رؤیایی جلوه‌دادن آن و احساس سرخوشی و التیام آلام می پردازد. یکی از پدیده‌ها در بخش‌هایی از جامعه ایران در سال‌های اخیر، اشتیاق به گذشته در عصر پهلوی و بروز حسّ نوستالژیک نسبت به آن است. سؤال اصلی مقاله این است که نوستالژی چه نقشی و چگونه در بازتولید گذشتۀ پیراسته و فراواقعی از دوره پهلوی توسط مخالفان جمهوری اسلامی و پذیرش آن در بخش‌هایی از جامعه ایران تأثیر داشته است؟ فرضیه مقاله این است که با توجه به وجود دو مؤلفه نوستالژی، یعنی یأس از حال و اشتیاق به گذشته، جامعۀ امروز ایران، در مواجه با سختی معیشت، تصویر مبهم از آینده و یأس از حال و برای تسکین درد، به گذشته‌ای رؤیایی و پیراسته شده مشتاق می‌شود که در ذهن خود پرداخته است. این بستر روانیِ برساخته و فربه شدۀ در جامعه، زمینه نادیده‌انگاریِ هر نوع کاستی، فساد، جنایت، محرومیت‌، ظلم، سرکوب، استبداد، وابستگی و... در دوره پهلوی را در اذهان جامعه فراهم نموده و در ساخت جامعه‌ای فرا واقعی و تطهیر جنایات پهلوی‌ توسط جریان‌ها و رسانه‌های مخالف جمهوری اسلامی و گرایش به ارتجاع، نقش ایفا می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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