Document Type : Science - Research
Authors
1
Corresponding Author, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2
Faculty member, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
3
Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
Abstract
Objective: School textbooks consistently reflect political orientations aligned with the dominant political-social system. This is because one of the fundamental missions of the educational system, and more specifically the curriculum, is political socialization. Accordingly, a significant portion of textbook content, either explicitly through formal curriculum objectives or implicitly through hidden curriculum elements, conveys the ideological orientations of political systems. One manifestation of political socialization is the portrayal of foreign governments in school textbooks. Based on this premise, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the representation of foreign countries in the social studies curriculum of secondary education in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the study seeks to answer the central question: ‘What image of foreign countries is presented in secondary-level social studies textbooks in the Islamic Republic of Iran?’
Method: The study employed a mixed-method content analysis approach (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population consisted of social studies textbooks for lower secondary education during the 2024–2025 academic year (1403–1404 in the Iranian calendar), and the entire population was selected as the sample. Data were collected using a researcher-developed checklist. The content validity of the indicators was confirmed through the Lawshe Content Validity Ratio (CVR) based on expert evaluations. Data reliability was established with an inter-rater agreement coefficient of 98%. Data analysis was conducted using frequency tables, percentages, and the chi-square test in the quantitative section, and thematic analysis in the qualitative section.
Findings: The findings showed that there were a total of 540 references to indicators related to the representation of the outside world. Among these, the highest frequencies belonged to the indicators of "Identification of Enemies" with a frequency of 245 (45.37%), and "Introducing colonialism and imperialism and emphasizing the necessity of combating them" with a frequency of 163 (30.18%). These were followed by the indicators of the "Necessity of unity among Muslim nation-states," "Familiarization with allied/neighboring countries," and "Rejection of domination/rejection of subordination and independence in foreign policy neither (Neither East nor West)," with frequencies of 45 (8.33%), 40 (7.4%), and 37 (6.85%), respectively. The indicator "Support for the oppressed, liberation movements, and defense of Muslims’ rights" had the lowest frequency, at 10 (1.85%).
Conclusion: Analysis of the textbooks indicates that within the curriculum of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the identity and image presented of different countries are largely shaped by the prevailing ideology. In addition to introducing students to various countries, the curriculum appears to represent national identities in accordance with the existing political paradigm and the relationship between Iran’s political system and other political systems
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Main Subjects
Article Title [Persian]
بازنمایی کشورهای خارجی در برنامه درسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (مورد مطالعه: مطالعات اجتماعی دوره متوسطه)
Authors [Persian]
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سیروس منصوری
1
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سعید شاه حسینی
2
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راحله اسدی
3
1
گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
2
عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک ایران.
3
گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]
پژوهش حاضر با هدف «بررسی بازنمایی دولت- ملت ها در برنامه درسی مطالعات اجتماعی دوره متوسطه بعد از انقلاب اسلامی» انجام شده است. روش پژوهش مورد استفاده تحلیل محتوای ترکیبی (کمی و کیفی) است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کتابهای درسی مطالعات اجتماعی دوره متوسطه اول سال تحصیلی 1404- 1403 بوده و کل جامعه آماری به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. برای گردآوری دادهها از چکلیست محققساخته استفاده شد و روایی محتوایی شاخصها با استفاده از شاخص لاوشه و بر اساس نظر متخصصان تأیید شد. همچنین پایایی دادهها با استفاده از ضریب توافق 98 درصد به دست آمد. برای تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها، در بخش کمی از جداول فراوانی و درصد و آزمون خیدو و در بخش کیفی از تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مجموعاً 540 بار به شاخصهای بازنمایی جهان خارج اشاره شده که از این میزان بیشترین فراوانیها متعلق به شاخصهای «دشمنشناسی» با فراوانی245 (37/45درصد) و «شناساندن استعمار و استعمارگری و ضرورت مبارزه با آن» با فراوانی 163 (18/30درصد) است و در مرتبه یعدی، شاخصهای «ضرورت وحدت دولت- ملّتهای مسلمان»، «آشنایی با کشورهای همپیمان/همسایه» و «نفی سلطهطلبی/ نفی سلطهپذیری و استقلال در سیاست خارجی (نه شرقی- نه غربی)» به ترتیب با فراوانیهای 45 (33/8درصد)، 40 (4/7درصد) و 37 (85/6درصد) قرار دارند و شاخص «حمایت از مستضعفان و نهضتهای آزادیبخش و دفاع از حقوق مسلمانان» با فراوانی 10 (85/1درصد) کمترین فراوانی را دارد.
Keywords [Persian]
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بازنمایی
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کشورهای خارجی
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برنامه درسی مطالعات اجتماعی
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دوره متوسطه
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