Investigation of the Rights, Authorities, and Responsibilities of the King in the Constitutional IRAN

Document Type : Science - Research

Authors

1 Asisstant Professor, Islamic knowledge and Thought Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN

2 Ph.D Student, Islamic Maaref University, Qom, IRAN

Abstract

The Constitutional Revolution is of great importance regarding its direct impact on the political system and legal developments in contemporary Iran, as well as the changing relations between the rulers and the people. One of the important issues is the transformation in the position of the king and his rights, powers, and responsibilities in the legal sources of the constitutional era; with the focus of the constitutional revolutionaries on curbing despotism and ultimately drafting and promulgating the constitutional law and its supplements, efforts were made to separate the three branches of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers and prevent the concentration of power in the person of the king by establishing new institutions. However, a reflection on the process of political and legal transformations in the subsequent stages of the constitutional era until the Islamic Revolution reveals the crystallization and continuation of old despotism within the framework of the constitutional system, from the period of minor despotism to the Pahlavi era, where absolute rule of the king was not based on law but enforced through the law. Hence, considering that the philosophy behind the drafting of the constitutional law and its supplements fundamentally aimed to limit the despotism of the monarchy, while witnessing the reappearance and reproduction of despotism in the subsequent stages of the constitutional era until the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the question arises: ‘What role did the constitutional law and its principles play in the reproduction of despotism during the Pahlavi period?’ The present study aims to examine the hypothesis that with the infiltration of the monarchist movement, both overt and covert, in the drafting of the constitutional law and its supplements, the previous powers and authorities of the king were preserved in various principles of the constitutional law and its supplements, and under favorable conditions and based on these principles, the despotism of the monarchy was reproduced.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

حقوق و مسئولیت پادشاه در ایران مشروطه

Authors [Persian]

  • محمد اسماعیل نباتیان 1
  • مهدی طاهری دلخوش 2
1 استادیار دانشکده معارف واندیشه اسلامی دانشگاه تهران
2 دانشجوی دکتری مدرسی انقلاب اسلامی دانشگاه معارف اسلامی
Abstract [Persian]

 
انقلاب مشروطه به دلیل تاثیر مستقیم آن بر نظام سیاسی و تحولات حقوقی ایرانِ معاصر و تغییر مناسبات حاکمان و مردم، اهمیت بسزایی دارد. یکی از مسائل مهم، تحوّل در جایگاه پادشاه و حقوق، اختیارات و مسئولیت او در منابع حقوقی مشروطه است. با اهتمام انقلابیون مشروطه‌خواه در مهار استبداد و در نهایت، تدوین و توشیح قانون اساسی مشروطه و متمم آن، تلاش شد قوای سه‌گانۀ مقننه، مجریه و قضائیه از هم تفکیک شده و با تأسیس نهادهای جدید، از تمرکز قوا در شخص پادشاه جلوگیری گردد. اما تأمّل در روند تحولات سیاسی و حقوقی ادوار بعدی مشروطه تا انقلاب اسلامی، مبیّن تبلور و استمرار استبداد دیرین در چارچوب نظام مشروطه، از دوره استبداد صغیر تا پهلوی، می‌باشد که در آن، حاکمیت مطلقه پادشاه، نه مبتنی بر قانون،که به‌‌وسیله قانون اعمال می‌شد. از این‌رو با توجه به اینکه فلسفۀ تدوین قانون اساسی مشروطه و متمم آن، تحدید بنیادی استبداد سلطنت بود و در عین حال،شاهد ظهور مجدد استبداد و بازتولید آن در ادوار بعدی مشروطه تا پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی هستیم، این سؤال مطرح می شود که قانون اساسی و نحوه تدوین اصول آن، چه نقشی در بازتولید استبداد در دوره پهلوی داشته است؟ این مقاله در مقام بررسی این فرضیه است که با نفوذ پیدا و پنهان جریان سلطنت‌طلب در تدوین قانون اساسی و متمم آن، قدرت و اختیارات پیشین شاه در اصول مختلف قانون اساسی و متمم آن به صورت آشکار و مستتر حفظ شد و تحت شرایط مناسب و بر مبنای این اصول، استبداد سلطنت بازتولید گردید.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • سلطنت
  • حقوق
  • مسئولیت
  • مشروطه
  • انقلاب

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Contemporary Researches on Islamic Revolution
Volume 6, Issue 20
June 2024
Pages 113-93

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